Familia Friedman din Sant\u0103u<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nOrganizarea religioas\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u00cen perioada interbelic\u0103, comunitatea mozaic\u0103 din Sant\u0103u era complet organizat\u0103 din punct de vedere religios. Aici func\u021bionau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\no sinagog\u0103,<\/li>\n\n\n\n o baie ritual\u0103 (mikva),<\/li>\n\n\n\n un cimitir mare \u0219i vechi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n un sacrificator ritual (shohet),<\/li>\n\n\n\n un \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tor religios.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nAdministrarea sinagogii era asigurat\u0103, \u00een alternan\u021b\u0103, de rabinii Shmuel Zvi Peretz \u0219i Nahum Klein. Fiii rabinului Peretz au studiat la celebra \u0219coal\u0103 talmudic\u0103 din T\u0103\u0219nad, doi dintre ei \u2013 Simha \u0219i Aizik \u2013 emigr\u00e2nd ulterior \u00een Israel, unde au continuat tradi\u021bia rabinic\u0103 a familiei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O figur\u0103 deosebit de respectat\u0103 a comunit\u0103\u021bii a fost sacrificatorul ritual, Rabi Israel Hersch Banat, cunoscut pentru erudi\u021bia \u0219i profunzimea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor sale \u00een studiul Torei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rela\u021biile interetnice \u0219i destr\u0103marea comunit\u0103\u021bii<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nP\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eenceputul anilor 1940, rela\u021biile dintre evreii din Sant\u0103u \u0219i restul popula\u021biei au fost normale, marcate de convie\u021buire \u0219i cooperare. Situa\u021bia s-a schimbat \u00eens\u0103 odat\u0103 cu intensificarea antisemitismului oficial dup\u0103 1940, \u00een contextul legisla\u021biei Hortyste. \u00cen 1942, mai mul\u021bi tineri evrei au fost trimi\u0219i \u00een deta\u0219amente de munc\u0103 for\u021bat\u0103, adesea chiar \u00eenainte de \u00eemplinirea v\u00e2rstei de recrutare. Printre ace\u0219tia s-a num\u0103rat \u0219i t\u00e2n\u0103rul Aizik Peretz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dramaticul final a venit \u00een prim\u0103vara anului 1944, odat\u0103 cu ghetoizarea evreilor din jude\u021b. Comunitatea din Sant\u0103u a fost concentrat\u0103 \u00een ghetoul de la \u0218imleu Silvaniei, de unde to\u021bi au fost deporta\u021bi la Auschwitz. Printre victime se num\u0103r\u0103 \u0219i un evreu din Sant\u0103u numit Koyain, ucis \u00een tren, \u00een timpul transportului, de un soldat german.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Niciun membru al comunit\u0103\u021bii nu s-a re\u00eentors \u00een sat dup\u0103 r\u0103zboi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Urmele de ast\u0103zi \u2013 un trecut aproape disp\u0103rut<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nAst\u0103zi, \u00een Sant\u0103u nu mai tr\u0103ie\u0219te niciun evreu. Dup\u0103 dispari\u021bia comunit\u0103\u021bii \u00een urma deport\u0103rilor din 1944, spa\u021biile odinioar\u0103 legate de via\u021ba religioas\u0103 \u0219i social\u0103 a evreilor au intrat treptat \u00een uitare, pierz\u00e2ndu-se \u00een ritmul schimb\u0103rilor postbelice. Cea mai vizibil\u0103 (\u0219i totodat\u0103 singura) m\u0103rturie material\u0103 r\u0103mas\u0103 este cimitirul evreiesc, situat la marginea localit\u0103\u021bii, ast\u0103zi \u00eentr-o stare aproape complet\u0103 de degradare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cimitirul, care alt\u0103dat\u0103 ad\u0103postea zeci de pietre funerare, era un loc sacru \u00een care genera\u021bii de familii \u00ee\u0219i odihneau mor\u021bii, respect\u00e2nd ritualurile mozaice transmise din tat\u0103 \u00een fiu. Lipsa \u00eengrijirii, vandaliz\u0103rile \u0219i trecerea timpului au dus la distrugerea aproape complet\u0103 a pietrelor funerare \u2013 unele sculptate cu motive specifice artei funerare evreie\u0219ti, precum m\u00e2inile kohenului, ulciorul levitului sau simboluri florale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ast\u0103zi, cimitirul arat\u0103 ca un c\u00e2mp f\u0103r\u0103 identitate. Doar dou\u0103-trei fragmente de piatr\u0103 mai r\u0103sar dintre plante, asemenea unor martori t\u0103cu\u021bi ai unei lumi disp\u0103rute. Aceste r\u0103m\u0103\u0219i\u021be, de\u0219i pu\u021bine, reprezint\u0103 ultimul reper fizic al unei comunit\u0103\u021bi care a modelat via\u021ba economic\u0103 \u0219i social\u0103 a satului timp de peste dou\u0103 secole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Localnicii \u00ee\u0219i amintesc uneori, prin pove\u0219ti auzite de la bunici, de \u201eevreii de alt\u0103dat\u0103\u201d, \u00eens\u0103 memoria lor este fragmentar\u0103. Casele \u00een care au locuit, magazinele pe care le-au administrat sau sinagoga care odinioar\u0103 aduna comunitatea nu mai exist\u0103 sau nu mai pot fi identificate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00cen absen\u021ba unor monumente sau pl\u0103ci comemorative, cimitirul r\u0103m\u00e2ne singurul loc \u00een care trecutul evreilor din Sant\u0103u poate fi \u00eenc\u0103 perceput, chiar \u0219i \u00eentr-o form\u0103 fragil\u0103 \u0219i aproape \u0219tears\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00cencheiere<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nPrin readucerea \u00een aten\u021bie a istoriei evreilor din Sant\u0103u, nu comemor\u0103m doar o comunitate pierdut\u0103, ci reafirm\u0103m un principiu esen\u021bial: c\u0103 fiecare sat, oric\u00e2t de mic, \u00ee\u0219i poart\u0103 \u00een straturile sale ad\u00e2nci o mo\u0219tenire care merit\u0103 cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i protejat\u0103. Iar c\u00e2t timp aceste pove\u0219ti sunt scrise, rostite \u0219i transmise, ele r\u0103m\u00e2n vii \u2013 \u0219i \u00eempreun\u0103 cu ele r\u0103m\u00e2ne vie \u0219i memoria unei comunit\u0103\u021bi care a f\u0103cut parte, pentru totdeauna, din istoria Sant\u0103ului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nRealizatori proiect: Diana Kinces, Andrei Kinces, Paula Por<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Comuna Sant\u0103u, situat\u0103 \u00een partea central\u0103 a jude\u021bului Satu Mare \u0219i alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din satele Sant\u0103u, Chereu\u0219a (\u00c9rk\u0151r\u00f6s) \u0219i Sudur\u0103u (\u00c9rszodor\u00f3), este o a\u0219ezare cu o istorie \u00eendelungat\u0103, atestat\u0103 documentar \u00eenc\u0103 din 1213 \u00een registrele Episcopiei Romano-Catolice de Oradea. Pozi\u021bionat\u0103 \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 agricol\u0103 fertil\u0103, traversat\u0103 de r\u00e2ul Sant\u0103u, localitatea s-a dezvoltat treptat, configur\u00e2nd un spa\u021biu multiculturalContinue reading “Urmele comunit\u0103\u021bii evreilor din Sant\u0103u \u2013 istorie, memorie \u0219i uitare”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":245723488,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[6498592,6498612],"tags":[6498698],"class_list":["post-17133","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitati","category-evenimente","tag-6498698","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.1","language":"hu","enabled_languages":["ro","hu","en"],"languages":{"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":13342,"url":"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/anunt-concurs-pentru-ocuparea-postului-de-ingrijitor\/","url_meta":{"origin":17133,"position":0},"title":"Anun\u021b – Concurs pentru ocuparea postului de \u00eengrijitor","author":"Gordan Csilla","date":"24 August 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"MUZEUL\u00a0 JUDETEAN\u00a0 SATU\u00a0 MARE, organizeaz\u0103 concurs pentru ocuparea pe perioad\u0103 nedeterminat\u0103 a func\u021biei contractuale de execu\u021bie, vacante, astfel: Ingrijitor\u2013 Serviciul Administrativ paza Pentru a ocupa un post contractual vacant sau temporar vacant candida\u021bii trebuie s\u0103 \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 urm\u0103toarele condi\u021bii generale, conform art. 3 al Regulamentului-cadru aprobat prin Hot\u0103r\u00e2rea Guvernului nr. 286\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "actualitati"","block_context":{"text":"actualitati","link":"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/category\/actualitati\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":13341,"url":"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/anunt-concurs-pentru-ocuparea-postului-de-contabil-sef\/","url_meta":{"origin":17133,"position":1},"title":"Anun\u021b – Concurs 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muzeograf debutant","author":"Gordan Csilla","date":"11 August 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"MUZEUL\u00a0 JUDETEAN\u00a0 SATU\u00a0 MARE, organizeaz\u0103 concurs pentru ocuparea pe perioad\u0103 nedeterminat\u0103 a func\u021biilor contractuale de execu\u021bie, vacante, astfel: Muzeograf debutant \u2013 Sectia Etnografie Pentru a ocupa un post contractual vacant sau temporar vacant candida\u021bii trebuie s\u0103 \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 urm\u0103toarele condi\u021bii generale, conform art. 3 al Regulamentului-cadru aprobat prin Hot\u0103r\u00e2rea Guvernului nr.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "actualitati"","block_context":{"text":"actualitati","link":"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/category\/actualitati\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8864,"url":"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/130-de-ani-de-viata-muzeala-satmareana130-evre-tekint-vissza-a-muzeumi-elet-szatmaron\/","url_meta":{"origin":17133,"position":3},"title":"130 de ani de via\u021b\u0103 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