{"id":13688,"date":"2013-12-13T13:09:26","date_gmt":"2013-12-13T13:09:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.muzeusm.ro\/?page_id=134"},"modified":"2024-03-24T11:49:03","modified_gmt":"2024-03-24T09:49:03","slug":"sala-v","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/sala-v\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9g \u00e9s f\u00f6ld k\u00f6z\u00f6tt"},"content":{"rendered":"

A R\u00d3MAI KATOLIKUS EGYH\u00c1Z SZATM\u00c1RBAN<\/p>\n

A reform\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u00e9vsz\u00e1zada ut\u00e1n a katolikus egyh\u00e1z a jezsuita rend r\u00e9v\u00e9n jelenik meg \u00fajra Szatm\u00e1rban. II. Ferdin\u00e1nd 1636-os meghatalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1nak megfelel\u0151en a jezsuita szerzetesek nem csup\u00e1n a v\u00e1rv\u00e9d\u0151k lelki gondoz\u00e1s\u00e1t l\u00e1tj\u00e1k el, hanem fenntartanak egy iskol\u00e1t is. A nemesi csal\u00e1dok rekatoliz\u00e1l\u00e1sa folyt\u00e1n a katolikus h\u00edvek sz\u00e1ma n\u00f6vekszik, de nagyobb n\u00f6veked\u00e9st a sv\u00e1bok 18. sz\u00e1zadi betelep\u00edt\u00e9se hoz. M\u00e9gis, a 19. sz\u00e1zad elej\u00e9n, mind\u00f6ssze 25-re r\u00fag a v\u00e1rmegyei pl\u00e9b\u00e1ni\u00e1k sz\u00e1ma.
\nAz 1804-es \u00e9v fordul\u00f3pontot jelent a megyei katolikuss\u00e1g \u00e9let\u00e9ben. Az egri egyh\u00e1zmegy\u00e9b\u0151l k\u00e9t \u00faj p\u00fcsp\u00f6ks\u00e9get alap\u00edtanak, egyiket Szatm\u00e1rn\u00e9meti sz\u00e9khellyel. Az \u00faj egyh\u00e1zmegye Szatm\u00e1r, M\u00e1ramaros, Ugocsa, Bereg \u00e9s Ung v\u00e1rmegy\u00e9ket foglalta mag\u00e1ba. Az esem\u00e9ny j\u00f3t\u00e9tem\u00e9nyeit a katolikusokon k\u00edv\u00fcl az eg\u00e9sz lakoss\u00e1g \u00e9lvezhette. A p\u00fcsp\u00f6ks\u00e9g nemcsak lelki szerepet j\u00e1tszott, hanem jelent\u0151s m\u0171vel\u0151d\u00e9si \u00e9s oktat\u00e1si szerepet is v\u00e1llalt, sokf\u00e9le seg\u00e9lyez\u0151 tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9get fogott \u00f6ssze.
\nA Sz\u00e9kesegyh\u00e1z, ak\u00e1r a P\u00fcsp\u00f6ki Palota, m\u00e1ig Szatm\u00e1rn\u00e9meti v\u00e1rosk\u00e9p\u00e9nek meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 \u00e9p\u00fcletei. Sz\u00e1mos p\u00fcsp\u00f6k, \u00edgy H\u00e1m J\u00e1nos, Meszl\u00e9nyi Gyula, vagy a m\u00e1rt\u00edroms\u00e1got is v\u00e1llal\u00f3 Scheffler J\u00e1nos m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9se ma is elevenen \u00e9l a szatm\u00e1riak eml\u00e9kezet\u00e9ben.
\nA szatm\u00e1rn\u00e9meti jezsuita iskola hagyom\u00e1nyainak folytat\u00e1sak\u00e9ppen \u00fajraindult a katolikus felekezeti \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos- \u00e9s k\u00f6z\u00e9piskolai oktat\u00e1s, s a p\u00fcsp\u00f6ks\u00e9g mellett l\u00e9trehoztak egy teol\u00f3giai szemin\u00e1riumot is. 1847-t\u0151l felekezeti tan\u00edt\u00f3k\u00e9pz\u0151t m\u0171k\u00f6dtettek. Nagyk\u00e1roly tov\u00e1bbra is meg\u0151rizte m\u00e1sodik hely\u00e9t a v\u00e1rmegye katolikus \u00e9let\u00e9ben. Ott 1725-t\u0151l m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00f6tt a piarista rend \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos iskol\u00e1ja. Az egyh\u00e1zi iskol\u00e1k, h\u00e1la az alap\u00edtv\u00e1nyi \u00e9s \u00f6szt\u00f6nd\u00edjrendszernek, kit\u00e1rt\u00e1k kapuikat a legszeg\u00e9nyebbek el\u0151tt is. H\u00e1m J\u00e1nos adom\u00e1nyaib\u00f3l \u00f6regotthont alap\u00edtottak, k\u00e9s\u0151bb \u00e1rvah\u00e1zzal, ispot\u00e1llyal b\u0151v\u00edtett\u00e9k.<\/p>\n

AZ ORTODOXIA SZATM\u00c1RBAN<\/p>\n

\"ArhMihailSatuMare\"<\/a>A biz\u00e1nci r\u00edtus\u00fa kereszt\u00e9nys\u00e9g embereml\u00e9kezet \u00f3ta jelen van Szatm\u00e1rban. Noha az ellenreform\u00e1ci\u00f3 idej\u00e9n visszaszorult, soha nem t\u0171nt el eg\u00e9szen. Jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9t bizony\u00edtj\u00e1k a Moldv\u00e1b\u00f3l \u00e9s Havasalf\u00f6ldr\u0151l \u00e9rkez\u0151 felekezeti kiadv\u00e1nyok, amelyek m\u00e9g a bal\u00e1zsfalvi nyomda fel\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n is rendre kimutathat\u00f3ak. Sok szatm\u00e1ri papot szentelt fel ortodox p\u00fcsp\u00f6k, csak 1751-ben nem kevesebb, mint 26-ot. Eml\u00edtend\u0151 Sofronie szerzetes mozgalma, melynek sor\u00e1n a munk\u00e1csi g\u00f6r\u00f6g katolikus p\u00fcsp\u00f6k \u00e9s a Szatm\u00e1r megyei f\u0151isp\u00e1n egy\u00fcttes erej\u00e9re volt sz\u00fcks\u00e9g ahhoz, hogy az uni\u00f3t fenyeget\u0151, az ortodoxi\u00e1hoz val\u00f3 visszat\u00e9r\u00e9st szorgalmaz\u00f3 eszm\u00e9ket semleges\u00edts\u00e9k.<\/p>\n

G\u00d6R\u00d6G KATOLICIZMUS SZATM\u00c1RBAN<\/p>\n

\"IMG_9832\"<\/a>A Szatm\u00e1r megyei rom\u00e1ns\u00e1g t\u00f6bb l\u00e9p\u00e9sben t\u00e9rt \u00e1t a g\u00f6r\u00f6g katolikus vall\u00e1sra. A kezdetet az 1656-os ungv\u00e1ri zsinat k\u00e9pezte, a befejez\u00e9st pedig az 1690-es szatm\u00e1ri zsinat, melynek sor\u00e1n 60 t\u00e9rs\u00e9gbeli pap \u201eigazolta, hogy egyes\u00fclt\u201d a munk\u00e1csi p\u00fcsp\u00f6k jogara alatt.
\nAz er\u0151teljes hat\u00f3s\u00e1gi t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben a g\u00f6r\u00f6g katolikuss\u00e1g l\u00e1tv\u00e1nyosan fejl\u0151d\u00f6tt: 1786-ban a megye 148.573 lakos\u00e1b\u00f3l 74.102 volt g\u00f6r\u00f6g katolikus, 20.108 r\u00f3mai katolikus, 54.133 k\u00e1lvinista reform\u00e1tus, 225 evang\u00e9likus \u00e9s csup\u00e1n 5 vallotta mag\u00e1t ortodoxnak. Az els\u0151 vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa el\u0151est\u00e9j\u00e9n 396.508 lakosa volt Szatm\u00e1r v\u00e1rmegy\u00e9nek, ebb\u0151l 168.870 volt g\u00f6r\u00f6g katolikus felekezet\u0171 (k\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fck csaknem 30.000 magyar ajk\u00fa). 1930-ban a megye lakoss\u00e1g\u00e1nak 58 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9k\u00e1t tett\u00e9k ki a g\u00f6r\u00f6g katolikusok.
\nA legjelent\u0151sebb felekezeti szem\u00e9lyis\u00e9gek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozott Mihai Pavel p\u00fcsp\u00f6k, illetve olyan papok \u00e9s oktat\u00f3k, mint dr. Vasile Lucaciu, Petru Bran, Iustin Popfiu, Ioan Silviu S\u0103l\u0103geanu, dr. Augustin Lauran, dr. Aloisie T\u0103utu \u00e9s m\u00e1sok.<\/p>\n

PROTESTANTIZMUS SZATM\u00c1RBAN<\/p>\n

\"IMG_5635\"<\/a>A reform\u00e1ci\u00f3 tanai m\u00e1r 1530-t\u00f3l igen gyorsan terjedtek a szatm\u00e1ri t\u00e1jakon. Magyarorsz\u00e1g els\u0151 orsz\u00e1gos reform\u00e1tus zsinat\u00e1t Erd\u0151d\u00f6n tartott\u00e1k 1545-ben, egy m\u00e1sik zsinatra pedig Szatm\u00e1rn\u00e9metiben ker\u00fclt sor 1646-ban. A szatm\u00e1ri reform\u00e1tus k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gekb\u0151l sz\u00e1rmazott Sylveszter J\u00e1nos, az els\u0151 magyar nyelvtank\u00f6nyv szerkeszt\u0151je \u00e9s az \u00daj Testamentum ford\u00edt\u00f3ja. K\u00e1roli G\u00e1sp\u00e1r 1590-ben jelentkezett teljes Biblia-ford\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val, amivel a magyar irodalmi nyelv megalapoz\u00f3j\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt. A felekezet sz\u00e1mos iskol\u00e1t tartott fenn, a legh\u00edresebb k\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fck az 1568-ban alap\u00edtott szatm\u00e1ri reform\u00e1tus koll\u00e9gium. A k\u00f6znevel\u00e9si feladatok mellett jelent\u0151s kult\u00fara fenntart\u00f3 szerepet v\u00e1llalt a reform\u00e1tus egyh\u00e1z, ugyanakkor szoci\u00e1lis t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sokat ny\u00fajtott, \u00f6regotthonokat \u00e9s \u00e1rvah\u00e1zakat tartott fenn. A 16\u201317. sz\u00e1zad sor\u00e1n mindv\u00e9gig t\u00f6bbs\u00e9gi felekezet, sz\u00e1mar\u00e1nya k\u00e9s\u0151bb fokozatosan cs\u00f6kkent, f\u0151k\u00e9nt az ellenreform\u00e1ci\u00f3 t\u00e9rnyer\u00e9se miatt. M\u00e9gis, mindm\u00e1ig Szatm\u00e1r magyar ajk\u00fa lakoss\u00e1g\u00e1nak t\u00f6bbs\u00e9gi felekezete.<\/p>\n

A SZATM\u00c1RN\u00c9METI ZSID\u00d3S\u00c1G<\/p>\n

\"IMG_5645\"<\/a>A szatm\u00e1rn\u00e9meti zsid\u00f3s\u00e1g, eg\u00e9szen a holokausztig, a K\u00e1rp\u00e1t-medence egyik jelent\u0151s izraelita k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9ge volt. Az els\u0151 zsinag\u00f3g\u00e1t 1852\u20131858 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt \u00e9p\u00edtett\u00e9k a V\u00e1rdomb utc\u00e1n. A mai, 850 f\u00e9r\u0151helyes nagy zsinag\u00f3g\u00e1t pedig 1890 k\u00f6r\u00fcl emelt\u00e9k, a nagyv\u00e1radi mint\u00e1j\u00e1ra. 1850-ben m\u00e9g 128 zsid\u00f3 lakosa volt Szatm\u00e1rn\u00e9metinek, 1880-ban m\u00e1r 2396, 1910-ben pedig 7194. 1941-ben a v\u00e1ros 50.048 lakos\u00e1b\u00f3l 12.960 volt a zsid\u00f3k sz\u00e1ma, azaz az \u00f6sszlakoss\u00e1g 24,9 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9ka. Szatm\u00e1rn\u00e9meti akkor, a zsid\u00f3 lakoss\u00e1g sz\u00e1mar\u00e1ny\u00e1t tekintve, a negyedik erd\u00e9lyi v\u00e1rosnak sz\u00e1m\u00edtott. \u00d6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00e1sk\u00e9nt: Nagyb\u00e1ny\u00e1n 3.623 zsid\u00f3 \u00e9lt (a lakoss\u00e1g 16,9%), Nagyk\u00e1rolyban 2.255 (14,2%). A szatm\u00e1rn\u00e9meti zsid\u00f3k 2 zsinag\u00f3g\u00e1val, 25 imah\u00e1zzal, 2 temet\u0151vel (ortodox \u00e9s status quo ante) rendelkeztek.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A R\u00d3MAI KATOLIKUS EGYH\u00c1Z SZATM\u00c1RBAN A reform\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u00e9vsz\u00e1zada ut\u00e1n a katolikus egyh\u00e1z a jezsuita rend r\u00e9v\u00e9n jelenik meg \u00fajra Szatm\u00e1rban. II. Ferdin\u00e1nd 1636-os meghatalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1nak megfelel\u0151en a jezsuita szerzetesek nem csup\u00e1n a v\u00e1rv\u00e9d\u0151k lelki gondoz\u00e1s\u00e1t l\u00e1tj\u00e1k el, hanem fenntartanak egy iskol\u00e1t is. A nemesi csal\u00e1dok rekatoliz\u00e1l\u00e1sa folyt\u00e1n a katolikus h\u00edvek sz\u00e1ma n\u00f6vekszik, de nagyobb n\u00f6veked\u00e9st aContinue reading “\u00c9g \u00e9s f\u00f6ld k\u00f6z\u00f6tt”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":245723487,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.1","language":"hu","enabled_languages":["ro","hu","en"],"languages":{"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":16001,"url":"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/grigore-maior\/","url_meta":{"origin":13688,"position":0},"title":"310 \u00e9ve sz\u00fcletett Grigore Maior","author":"Kov\u00e1cs Zsolt","date":"21 January 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"{:ro} \u00cen acest an anivers\u0103m 310 ani de la na\u0219terea vrednicului episcop greco-catolic Grigore Maior.Grigore Maior s-a n\u0103scut \u00een anul 1715 la S\u0103r\u0103uad, localitate aflat\u0103 atunci \u00een comitatul Solnocului de Mijloc, \u00eentr-o familie nobiliar\u0103 care \u0219i-a dob\u00e2ndit titlul nobiliar, probabil, \u00een veacurile anterioare pentru fapte de vitejie \u00een luptele cu\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "F\u0103r\u0103 categorie"","block_context":{"text":"F\u0103r\u0103 categorie","link":"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/category\/fara-categorie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/muzeusm.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2Imagine-a-Sarauadului-interbelic-150x150.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/muzeusm.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2Imagine-a-Sarauadului-interbelic-150x150.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/muzeusm.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2Imagine-a-Sarauadului-interbelic-150x150.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/muzeusm.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2Imagine-a-Sarauadului-interbelic-150x150.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/muzeusm.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2Imagine-a-Sarauadului-interbelic-150x150.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/muzeusm.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2Imagine-a-Sarauadului-interbelic-150x150.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":12883,"url":"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/cartea-de-aur-a-sarauadului-tasnad-sarauad-2-septembrie-2023\/","url_meta":{"origin":13688,"position":1},"title":"\u201eCARTEA DE AUR A S\u0102R\u0102UADULUI\u201d-T\u0103\u0219nad-S\u0103r\u0103uad 2 septembrie 2023","author":"Popdan Bradut","date":"30 August 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"EVENIMENTUL ESTE ORGANIZAT CU PRILEJUL \u00ceMPLINIRII A 250 DE ANI DE LA HIROTONIREA EPISCOPULUI GRECO-CATOLIC GRIGORE MAIOR, CEREMONIAL CE A AVUT LOC \u00ceN BISERICA CEA MARE A CUR\u021aII IMPERIALE DIN VIENA, \u00ceN PREZEN\u021aA MARIEI TEREZIA \u0218I A LUI IOSIF AL II-LEA. GRIGORE MAIOR S-A N\u0102SCUT PE MELEAGURILE S\u0102TM\u0102RENE, \u00ceN LOCALITATEA\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "actualitati"","block_context":{"text":"actualitati","link":"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/category\/actualitati\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8216,"url":"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/expozitia-satmarul-de-alta-data\/","url_meta":{"origin":13688,"position":2},"title":"Expozi\u021bia: S\u0103tmarul de alt\u0103dat\u0103 – Hajdanvolt Szatm\u00e1r","author":"norbertlorincz","date":"11 November 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"S\u0103tmarul de alt\u0103dat\u0103, \u00cen colec\u021bia de c\u0103r\u021bi po\u0219tale \u201dIoan Pu\u0219ca\u0219\u201d - Hajdanvolt Szatm\u00e1r, \"Pu\u0219ca\u0219 Ioan\"k\u00e9peslap gy\u0171jtem\u00e9ny\u00e9b\u0151l! La finalul secolului al XIX-lea \u0219i \u00eenceputul secolului al XX-lea, imaginea noilor cl\u0103diri din zona central\u0103 a ora\u0219ului Satu Mare a fost imortalizat\u0103 sub form\u0103 unor c\u0103r\u021bi po\u0219tale. Cele mai importante ateliere care au\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Expozitiidebaza"","block_context":{"text":"Expozitiidebaza","link":"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/category\/expozitiidebaza\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.muzeusm.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/afis-1-731x1024.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4876,"url":"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/expozitie-mostenirea-istorica-si-culturala-a-germanilor-din-romania-muzeul-national-de-istorie-a-romaniei\/","url_meta":{"origin":13688,"position":3},"title":"Expozi\u0163ie “Mo\u015ftenirea istoric\u0103 \u015fi cultural\u0103 a germanilor din Rom\u00e2nia” – Muzeul Na\u0163ional de Istorie a Rom\u00e2niei","author":"Popdan Bradut","date":"10 June 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Muzeul Na\u0163ional de Istorie a Rom\u00e2niei (MNIR) v\u0103 invit\u0103 miercuri, 12 iunie 2019, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu ora 17:00, la deschiderea expozi\u021biei temporare \u201eO experien\u021b\u0103 european\u0103. Mo\u0219tenirea istoric\u0103 \u0219i cultural\u0103 a germanilor din Rom\u00e2nia\u201d . Evenimentul va avea loc la sediul muzeului din Calea Victoriei, nr. 12, sector 3, Bucure\u0219ti. \u00a0Cu prilejul\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "actualitati"","block_context":{"text":"actualitati","link":"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/category\/actualitati\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.muzeusm.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/afis_nou_6-iunie-1-212x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4903,"url":"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/vernisajul-expozitiei-o-experienta-europeana-mostenirea-istorica-si-culturala-a-germanilor-din-romania\/","url_meta":{"origin":13688,"position":4},"title":"Vernisajul expozi\u0163iei \u201dO experien\u021b\u0103 european\u0103. 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