{"id":130,"date":"2013-12-13T13:01:48","date_gmt":"2013-12-13T13:01:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.muzeusm.ro\/?page_id=130"},"modified":"2024-03-24T11:49:03","modified_gmt":"2024-03-24T09:49:03","slug":"sala-iii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/sala-iii\/","title":{"rendered":"Ora\u015ful Satu Mare \u00een evul mediuSzatm\u00e1rn\u00e9meti a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkorbanHall III"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.muzeusm.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/IMG_9820.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-453 alignleft\" alt=\"IMG_9820\" src=\"http:\/\/www.muzeusm.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/IMG_9820-150x150.jpg\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>A mai Szatm\u00e1rn\u00e9meti k\u00e9t k\u00f6z\u00e9pkori v\u00e1ros, Szatm\u00e1r \u00e9s N\u00e9meti egyes\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9b\u0151l j\u00f6tt l\u00e9tre. A k\u00e9t hajdani helys\u00e9get a Szamos egyik \u00e1ga v\u00e1lasztotta el egym\u00e1st\u00f3l, ezt azonban, a foly\u00f3szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben, a 18. sz\u00e1zadban kisz\u00e1r\u00edtott\u00e1k. Nyoma ma is megfigyelhet\u0151 az utcah\u00e1l\u00f3zatban.<br \/>\nA v\u00e1rosok 11-12. sz\u00e1zadi alap\u00edt\u00e1sa az egykori f\u00f6ldv\u00e1r k\u00f6zels\u00e9g\u00e9nek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151, meg annak is, hogy itt, a Szamos g\u00e1zl\u00f3j\u00e1n\u00e1l keresztez\u0151dtek az \u00e9szak-d\u00e9l ir\u00e1ny\u00fa \u00e9s a foly\u00f3-v\u00f6lgyben halad\u00f3 kereskedelmi utak. Kezdetben, a kir\u00e1lyi v\u00e1r szolgaszem\u00e9lyzet\u00e9n k\u00edv\u00fcl, a N\u00e9met Birodalomb\u00f3l hozott telepesek laktak a k\u00e9t v\u00e1rosban, akik 1230, majd 1270-ben kaptak kir\u00e1lyi kiv\u00e1lts\u00e1gokat. B\u00e1r a k\u00e9t telep\u00fcl\u00e9s r\u00e9sz\u00e9re k\u00fcl\u00f6n-k\u00fcl\u00f6n k\u00e9sz\u00fclt az oklev\u00e9l, ezek csaknem azonos tartalm\u00faak. A v\u00e1rosi polg\u00e1roknak jogukban \u00e1llt saj\u00e1t b\u00edr\u00f3t \u00e9s pl\u00e9b\u00e1nost v\u00e1lasztani. A v\u00e1ros ter\u00fclet\u00e9n kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag a polg\u00e1rok forgalmazhattak bort \u00e9s k\u00e9zm\u0171ves term\u00e9keket. Heti \u00e9s \u00e9vi v\u00e1s\u00e1rokat tarthattak, valamint mentess\u00e9get kaptak a v\u00e1mok fizet\u00e9se al\u00f3l. A kiv\u00e1lts\u00e1gok, a kir\u00e1lyi f\u00f6ldekb\u0151l \u00e9s erd\u0151kb\u0151l kapott birtokok fej\u00e9ben, k\u00f6telesek voltak \u00e9vi ad\u00f3t fizetni, \u00e9vente egyszer ell\u00e1t\u00e1st \u00e9s sz\u00e1ll\u00e1st biztos\u00edtani az uralkod\u00f3 \u00e9s udvara sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, h\u00e1bor\u00fa eset\u00e9n pedig p\u00e1nc\u00e9losokkal a kir\u00e1ly z\u00e1szlaja alatt hadba vonulni.<br \/>\nA t\u00f6r\u00f6k el\u0151ret\u00f6r\u00e9s\u00e9nek idej\u00e9n \u00f6tb\u00e1sty\u00e1s, olasz t\u00edpus\u00fa v\u00e1r \u00e9p\u00fclt Szatm\u00e1ron. Az \u00e1ltaluk elfoglalt ter\u00fcletek visszaszerz\u00e9s\u00e9vel \u00e9s az Erd\u00e9lyi Fejedelems\u00e9gnek a Habsburgok uralta Magyar Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1ghoz csatol\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n a v\u00e1r elvesztette jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t. A kuruc h\u00e1bor\u00fakat k\u00f6vet\u0151 szatm\u00e1ri b\u00e9k\u00e9t 1711-ben ugyan m\u00e9g falai k\u00f6zt k\u00f6t\u00f6tt\u00e9k meg, de nem sokkal ezut\u00e1n a v\u00e1rat elbontott\u00e1k, hely\u00e9re lak\u00f3h\u00e1zak \u00e9p\u00fcltek. A k\u00e9t v\u00e1ros 1712-ben egyes\u00fclt, de csak h\u00e1rom\u00e9ves ut\u00e1naj\u00e1r\u00e1s nyom\u00e1n siker\u00fclt a kiv\u00e1lts\u00e1gok visszaszerz\u00e9se. 1715-ben kir\u00e1lyi oklev\u00e9l sz\u00fcletett, amely az egyes\u00edtett v\u00e1rosok \u00faj c\u00edmer\u00e9t is tartalmazta.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A mai Szatm\u00e1rn\u00e9meti k\u00e9t k\u00f6z\u00e9pkori v\u00e1ros, Szatm\u00e1r \u00e9s N\u00e9meti egyes\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9b\u0151l j\u00f6tt l\u00e9tre. A k\u00e9t hajdani helys\u00e9get a Szamos egyik \u00e1ga v\u00e1lasztotta el egym\u00e1st\u00f3l, ezt azonban, a foly\u00f3szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben, a 18. sz\u00e1zadban kisz\u00e1r\u00edtott\u00e1k. Nyoma ma is megfigyelhet\u0151 az utcah\u00e1l\u00f3zatban. A v\u00e1rosok 11-12. sz\u00e1zadi alap\u00edt\u00e1sa az egykori f\u00f6ldv\u00e1r k\u00f6zels\u00e9g\u00e9nek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151, meg annak is, hogy itt, a Szamos<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/sala-iii\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">&#8220;Ora\u015ful Satu Mare \u00een evul mediuSzatm\u00e1rn\u00e9meti a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkorbanHall III&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":245723487,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.1","language":"hu","enabled_languages":["ro","hu","en"],"languages":{"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":126,"url":"https:\/\/muzeusm.ro\/hu\/sala-i\/","url_meta":{"origin":130,"position":0},"title":"A k\u00f6z\u00e9pkor elitje","author":"Gordan Csilla","date":"13 December 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"{:ro}CADRUL NATURAL MEDIEVAL Pasajul de trecere \u00eenspre primele s\u0103li ale expozi\u0163iei de istorie-etnografie este dedicat prezent\u0103rii cadrului natural medieval, prin intermediul celor mai timpurii reprezent\u0103ri cartografice ale regiunii. 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